







                                          


                                       

                                  2.0




                               ᪢, 1989 .



     -----------------------------------------------------------------
            
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          ࡮  ।祭:    ணࠬ⮢,  ࠡ-
          䥪⨢  ஬;    ࡮  ᪠
     ணࠬ⮢,       ᥬ ﬨ "-
     ";  ⠪  ,  稭饣    饣  -
      ணࠬ஢         ᯮ짮
     㬥⮬.

            -  ஢,  ,  㥬,
     㭨ᠫ , ࠤ樮 ᯮ㥬  ⥬ ண-
     ࠬ஢.  ७ᨬ ,  ..  ਪ  ணࠬ,
     ᠭ  ,    ७ᥭ   ⥬ 
     .   ᯮ짮  ࠪ᪨      .
     , ᫨     "" १ ,
      ࡮  "஫⠥" ,  ⠢  ६  -
       ᮢ襭⢮  ணࠬ.




                ⠢ ࡮ 
     -----------------------------------------------------------------

             ⠢  ࡮   祭 ਡ⨢ ᪨ 
      ⮬ 㬥樨:  "࡮ . 㪮⢮ 짮⥫" (
     )  "࡮ . ࠢ筮 㪮⢮". ਡ⨢ ᪨
     ᮤঠ  ணࠬ,  䠩  ⥪, 室  ᮧ-
     , 樨,    ᪠ ணࠬ ࡮ ; ஬
     ⮣,   室 ਬ  ணࠬ,   ᪮쪮  ⮭
     ⨫, ⥪⭮-ᨬ 䠩 ᪠, ஥ ⫠稪,
      ⠪ ⥫쭠 㬥  ᠬ,   ᢥ饭 
      㪮⢠.

          㪮⢮ 짮⥫  믮   ࠢ筨--
     ⥫  稭饣,        ᨮ
      ᢥ . ࠢ筮 㪮⢮ - , ० ᥣ,
     ஡ ᠭ  ᭥ ୮ ⥪ 㭪権 -
      .  ஬ ⮣,   ᮤন ଠ  । ࡮
     , ᮮ饭   訡,  ࢨ  ணࠬ  (,   ,
     TLINK, TLIB,  GREP, BGIOBJ  OBJXREF), ࠬ  -
     , ᨭ⠪  ࡮   㪠  ⠭. ᫨   -
      ᨮ   ணࠬ⮬,   ,  ᪮॥ ᥣ,

        㪮⢠ 짮⥫,    ࠢ筮  㪮-
     ⢠.



                  ࡮  2.0 ?
     -----------------------------------------------------------------

          ࡮  2.0 砥 ⢮    ⥩:

          # ⥣஢ ⫠稪:   蠣  㥬 -
     室 権,   祪 ⠭, ᬮ஬  ᫥-
      ࠦ.

          # ᪮७  ( 20-30%)  騪.

          # প ७   EMS      ।:
      ᯮ짮 64      樨  -
     ᪠.

          # ᪮७ ।   ࠡ  㭪権.

          # ᪮७  権  饩 窮.

          #  㭪樨 signal  raise.

          # _emit_,  ࠧ ⠢ 設     ண-
     ࠬ  ६ 樨.

          # ७ ᪠ ⥪ BGI,    -
       㭪権,  ⠫㥬 ࠩ  .

          # প   ப ᨬ-蠡 (*  ?).

          #   ⭮     騪  ᮧ
     .COM 䠩.

          # প  ⮭ ⫠稪  Borland.

          # ⮭ࠨ ࠢ  ⨫ MAKE.

          # প ⠭  ६ ⨯ long double  (
     ).

          #   ।,      -
     ⨬쭮 .



               孨᪨ ॡ
     -----------------------------------------------------------------

          ࡮   ࠡ⠥        ᥬ⢠ IBM PC,
      ,    PS/2,  ⠪   ⢨⥫쭮 ᮢ⨬
      IBM PC.   ॡ 樮 ⥬ DOS ᨨ 2.0  ,
      ⠪     448  ⨢    (RAM);  ᪠
     ⮫쪮  ,  ப  ᮤন 80 ᨬ.  -
     쭮 室   ᪮   ᪮, 
      ४㥬  ᯮ짮  ⠪ ᪮    -
        ᪮   ᪮.

           ⠢ 祭 楤 ࠡ  饩 窮, -
        ᯮ짮  ⥬᪨  ᮯ 80x87.
       樨 80x87   ⢨.  -
      80x87   ⥫쭮 㢥 த⢨ ண-
     ࠬ,   稥   易⥫.



                ࡮ 
     -----------------------------------------------------------------

          ࡮  ন ஥ ⠭ 몠 ,  ।-
      ਪ᪨   樮  ⮬ ⠭⮢ (ANSI),  
     ⠪  । ୨  .  ஬ ⮣ ࡮
         易⥫ ७  ᬥ訢 -
     , ᬥ襭-쭮 ணࠬ஢, ࠧ騥  -
     짮  IBM PC.



                I: 㪮⢮ 짮⥫
     -----------------------------------------------------------------

           㪮⢥ 짮⥫ ( ⮬)    -
      ,    ᮧ  ᪠  ணࠬ,   
     ⠪   ᭮  ᯮ⥫쭠 ଠ  樨,
     , ⫠  ᮧ ஥⮢.   ਢ  ⪮
     ᮤঠ  㪮⢠ 짮⥫:

           1:  । 砫. 頥  ⠭ ࡮  
     襩 ⥬. ஬ ⮣,  ᮢ  ᯮ짮 ⠢襩-
       㪮⢠.

           2:  砫 ࠡ.  砥   ᭮ ᯮ짮
     ⥣஢ । ࡮  (TC): 㧪, 樨, -
     , ।஢    ணࠬ ࡮ .

           3:  , ⫠   ணࠬ. 뢠,
      ᯮ짮  Run    "ࠨ" (ࠨ)
     䠩,   ⮨ ணࠬ.

           4:  ⫠  ணࠬ.   ⥣஢
     ⫠稪 ࡮   ,   ""    ⮩
     ணࠬ  ஥묨 "窠",  ࠧ  ⫠-
     稪.

           5:  ⥣஢ 㦥 ࡮    ࠧࠡ⪨
     ணࠬ.  ⮩   ࠡ  ⥪⮢ ।஬,
     ⥣஢ ⫠稪  ⥬  ࡮ ,  ⠪ -
     㦤 pick 䠩  䠩 䨣樨.

           6:  ணࠬ஢  ࡮ .   묨
     ᭮묨 蠣 ᮧ  ᪠ ணࠬ ࡮    ਬ
     ᫥⥫쭮 ⪨ ணࠬ 饩 ᫮.

           7:    ᮡ ணࠬ஢    .
      ⥫ ⮢ 몠 ,   ᨢ, 㪠-
     ⥫,   .

           8:   㭪樨 ࡮ .   ᦠ⮥ 㦤
     ०  ,   ᫥騬 ᠭ ணࠬ஢-
       ⥪⮢  ᪮ ०.

           9:  砭  ணࠬ⮢,  ࠡ   ࡮
     ᪠.   ਬ  ணࠬ ࠢ ࡮  
     ࡮ ᪠. ᠭ  ⥫ ࠧ  몮
      ਢ ᮢ   ࠭ 訡.

           10: 䥩  ࡮   ࡮ ஫. -
     ,   뢠  ᮡ 㫨,  ᠭ  ࡮ , 
     ணࠬ, ᠭ묨  ࡮ ஫.   ਢ  ᪮쪮
     ਬ஢,   .

           11: 㪮⢮   ࡮ . ᫥  -
         ॠ樨 몠 ,  ⫨騥  
     ।,  ୨  ,  ⠪ ஡ ᠭ
     ७ 몠,  襤訥  ஥ ⠭ ANSI.

           12:  ணࠬ஢  ࡮ .  -
     ஡ ଠ  ணࠬ 砫쭮 㧪, ࣠樨 -
       ࠧ  ,  䬥⨪ 㪠⥫,  -
     ⢨   ᥬ஬  ᯮ짮 ᥫ  饩 窮.



                2: ࠢ筮 㪮⢮
     -----------------------------------------------------------------

          ࠢ筮 㪮⢮ ।祭   ணࠬ-
     ⮢;   ᠭ ᢥ,  騥  ⭮  ᯮ
     몠  ࠡ祣 㦥. ,  䠢⭮ 浪, ਢ-
      ᠭ  㭪権 ࡮ .    ⪮  ᠭ
     ᮤঠ   ਫ ࠢ筮 㪮⢠:

           1: ᯮ짮  㭪権 ࡮ . ਢ-
      ᯨ᮪ #include 䠩 (*.H) ࡮      -
      ணࠬ  ⥣. 㦤 㭪 main   -
     㬥. 稢  ᠭ   ६
     ࡮ .

           2: ⥪ ࡮ . ᠭ   -
     権 ࡮   䠢⭮ 浪.    㭪樨  㪠
     ᫥ ଠ:  ᨭ⠪, 砥 䠩, ⭮騥 
      㭪樨,  ⪮ ᠭ ⢨,  頥 祭 
     쭮   㭪樨.   ஬ ⮣  뫪  ᮮ-
     騥 㭪樨  ਬ ᯮ짮 㭪権.

          ਫ A:   ࠪ⨢  । ࡮ .  ਢ
     ஡ ᠭ  ।,   ,  墠⨫ -
     ଠ樨   5 㪮⢠ 짮⥫.

          ਫ  B:  饭    訡 ࠭. ਢ
     ᯨ᮪ ᮮ饭  ᭥  稭  
     ᮮ饭.

          ਫ C:  樨  ப. ਢ ᯨ᮪ 権
     , ᯮ㥬  ࠭஬ .

          ਫ D:  㦥 ணࠬ ࡮  .   ᠭ  
     ணࠬ, 祭      ⠢ ࡮ :  ९
     ;   -  ந⥫  ணࠬ;  騪  ࡮ - TLINK;
     TLIB - ⥪ ࡮; GREP - ⨫ ᪠  䠩; BGIOBJ
     - ⨫  ⮢ ᪨ ࠩ஢  ⮢,  ⠪
     ꥪ  ४ 뫮 OBJXREF.

          ਫ E:   ᨭ⠪ 몠. ᯮ -
     ஢  -  । ᨭ⠪  -
     権 ࡮ .

          ਫ F:  ன ࡮ .  ᠭ ணࠬ -
      TCINST, 饩 ந ,  祭
      㬮砭,  梥 ࠭  ..

          ਫ G:  MicroCalc   ⪮஢,  -
        ᯮ짮  MicroCalc  (⮩ ⠡ ,
     ⠢塞  ਡ⨢ ᪥ ࡮ ).


               㥬 
     -----------------------------------------------------------------

                      訬
     㪮⢠  ࡮ :

          - The  C Programming Lanquage by Brian W.Kernigan and Dennis
     M.Ritchie (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 1978) ॢ  ᪨
      -  .୨,  .,  . " ணࠬ஢ .
        ". .:   ⨪, 1985 . - 279 .

          -   X3J11  ⠭⨧樨 몠  ਪ᪮
     樮쭮   ⠭⨧樨 (ANSI)  饥 -
      ⮢ 樠 ⠭ 몠,   ࡮   -
     ন  ⠭ ANSI   .

          ᫨  ⮫쪮 稭  ,    ४㥬  
     ࠡ    ࠦ,  ਢ  ୨  .
     ᫨      ࠡ  ,    祭  ࡮    
     ।⠢ - 㤭⥩.


                                  
     -----------------------------------------------------------------

           ᯮ㥬    㪮⢥  祭  -
      த Sprint - ᨮ쭮  ⥪⮢  
      ૠ   ୮ ਭ PostScript.   
     ᯮ ᫥騬 ࠧ:

          (ਬ砭.   ॢ  ᮧ.)

        - ⨬ ⮬ ⠥ ⥪  ⮬ ,    
           ࠭   ணࠬ,   ⠪  ⥪,  -
          ⠥  /ਬ, 樨  ப/.

        -   ᪮  ⥪     DOS  
          易⥫ 室   , 騥  襩
          ⥬.

        -   ᪮  ⥪    DOS   -
          易⥫ 室     ,  騥  襩
          ⥬.

           ᠭ 㭪権   ᪮   -
          砥 䠩.

        - ⨬  ⮬   㭪権 ࡮   -
             ⥪ (   ணࠬ  ਬ).   
           ⠪ ᯮ  ⥪,     ணࠬ -
          ,  祢 ᫮ ࡮ ,  ⠪  char,  switch,
          near  cdecl.

        - ᨢ  Italic  ⥪ 뤥  ६ (-
          䨪஢),   ⠪ ᫮,     ᫥  
          , ᮡ  ନ.

        -  ᯥ樠   ᯮ  㪠 -
             ᯫ.   ᯮ  㪠
          ,    室 ,  ਬ,  "
          Esc  ⬥ ".



               ᪨ ࠢ  Borland.
     -----------------------------------------------------------------

            ணࠬ ᯥ祭 饭   ࠢ
     ஢   㭠த ஬  ࠢ  ணࠬ
     ᯥ祭. ⮬   ᯮ짮     
        ᪫祭:   Borland ࠧ蠥  ᤥ
     娢   ࡮   ⮩ 楫, ⮡  ᬮ -
     ⠭ ﭭ  ᯮ祭 ணࠬ ᯥ祭  -
     ࠭   .

           ,     " "? Borland , -
     ਬ, ᯮ짮  ணࠬ ᯥ祭  㣮 -
      ,      ᢮ ७ᥭ    -
         㣮.         ⥬,      
       ࠧ묨 쬨   ࠧ    
        ६,  ணࠬ ᯥ祭    ᯮ짮
      ࠧ묨 쬨   ࠧ  ६ (-
     , 筮,   ࠢ  Borland  -
     ).



                 ࠪ  ମ Borland.
     -----------------------------------------------------------------

          訬 ⥬ ⠭ ⠪⮢  ମ Borland -
      祭     Borland`s Forum   ⥬ CompuServe.
      ⮣ 筮 㪠  ०  "GO  BOR"      
     CompuServe,  ⥬  㭪 "Borland  Programming  Forum  B
     (Turbo Prolog  & Turbo C)"    Borland.  ᫥ ⮣
          ᫠ ᮮ饭,  ন -
      .

          ஬  ⮣,            쬮   
     ࠢ   :

                      Technical Support Department
                         Borland International
                         1800 Green Hills Road
                            P.O.Box 660001
                           Scotts Valley, CA
                           95066-0001, USA

           ⠪     ⤥ 孨᪮ ᮯ஢-

      408-438-5300. ᫨   맮   - 㤭-
     ⥩, , , ⮢ । ⨬ ᫥ ଠ:

          -  ணࠬ த    ᨨ;
          - ⨯   ;
          - ⨯ 樮 ⥬    ᨨ.
